The major food plants, injuriousness, biology and control of 7 important species frankliniella intonsa, megalurothrips usitatus, rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, scirtothrips dorsalis, thrips hawaiiensis, t. The beijing forest insect atlas i, china scientific book. The favorable sampling time for frankliniella intonsa trybom in cotton field was determined. The life 02envro000461 airaware project is dedicated to the research of the flora and invertebrate fauna in downtown bucharest romania, an area with intense car traffic which. Determining the favorable sampling time for frankliniella. Widespread pesticide resistance of thrips and the negative environmental effects limit the application of pesticides for thrips control.
Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. Western flower thrips wft, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, is a highly invasive pest, infesting many species of plants worldwide, but few studies have investigated the visual and olfactory cues associated with their foraging behaviors. The biology, natural enemies and control of frankliniella intonsa were studied in the field and laboratory in japan. The western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, is the most serious pest species among the genus frankliniella thysanoptera. Pdf frankliniella species from china, with nomenclatural. The spread of the western flower thrips frankliniella. In conclusion, our study highlighted variation in susceptibility of thrips to spinetoram, both among species and among geographical areas. Speciesspecific aggregation pheromones contribute to. A new distribution map is provided for frankliniella intonsa trybom thysanoptera. The flower thrips frankliniella intonsa trybom is one of the most economically important pests in cowpea greenhouses in china. Table 1 lists the dimensions of a thrips forewing, measured by tanaka, and of the model wings, where x w is. A highly polyphagous flowerliving species, that is sometimes a pest on stone fruit crops in europe and of flower crops in taiwan, and is also a vector of tospoviruses.
Frankliniella fusca prefers feeding on young plants whereas f. Biology and ecology of flower thrips in relation to tomato spotted wilt virus stuart r. To compare the performance of frankliniella occidentalis pergande and native frankliniella intonsa trybom on cucumber and tomato leaves in laboratory, life history characters were investigated, and life tables were constructed using the. Competitive interaction between frankliniella occidentalis. The key of vierbergen 1995 distinguishes the species of the genus frankliniella which are present in european countries, including in particular f. Hood 1914 designated frankliniella intonsa trybom as the type species of the genus frankliniella. Thripidae, was first described in california in 1895, and since the 1970s, it had invaded much of the world and became dominant population in most of the areas where it had been introduced kirk and terry 2003, morse and hoddle 2006. These are very similar to each other, but intonsa has the postocular setae considerably shorter than in occidentalis, and lacks campaniform sensilla on the metanotum. Ministry of agriculture and lands thrips identification with the exception of the striped e. The western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, which originated from western north america, has invaded much of the agricultural world since the 1970s, and in so doing, has become a. An evaluation of frankliniella occidentalis thysanoptera. Biological sciences animal development research entomology insect rearing methods thrips control natural history physiological aspects. Thripidae has been found to be regionally dominant over its invasive congener frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera.
The insect punctures the leaf epidermis and ingests the cytoplasm from mesophyll cells, either. The animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Frankliniella intonsa was a dominant species, presenting the highest values of the relative abundance, 2481%, for the two years, even in areas neighboring large polluted roads. Vikberg 2000 adds raspberry and redberried elder in scandinavia. Levels of susceptibility in southern populations of f. We tested the predatory capacity of newlyhatched or newlymolted chrysoperla comanche banks and chrysoperla externa hagen larvae after a 24 h fasting period on adults of frankliniella occidentalis pergande that were feeding on tomato plants at vegetative and blooming stage under glasshouse conditions. Known host plants include, but are not limited to, tobacco, watermelon, tomato, sweet pepper, cotton, and peanut jones 2005. Thripidae, is a polyphagous pest that attacks the flowers and foliage of nearly 250 plant hosts in 65 plant families. Geographical and interspecific variation in susceptibility. Attraction effect of different colored cards on thrips. Taqman realtime quantitative pcr for identification of.
Population densities and distributions of the western. Within europe, an outward spread from the original outbreak in the netherlands is discernible. The bristled wing comprises a membrane and 51 cylinders. Population development of frankliniella occidentalis and. Pcrrflp method to distinguish frankliniella occidentalis. Adw doesnt cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Lomholdt 1984 notes that frankliniella intonsa trybom is one such prey species. The numbers of thrips in flowers strongly decreased with sprays of deltamethrin and acefate which were more effective than dimethoate. An improved method for rearing western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. Invasion biology, ecology, and management of frankliniella. Annual report of the society of plant protection of north japan, 47. The fore and hindwings of a real thrips thripidae frankliniella intonsa are shown in fig.
Currently 230 species are listed in the genus, with up to further names placed. Hood 1925 grouped the species of genus frankliniella karny based on the morphology of the pedicel in antennal segment iii. The western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Surveys in a white clover field from 198185 showed that the adults occurred from the beginning of may to the end of november. Insects free fulltext behavioral responses of western. Population fluctuations of western flower thrips wft, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. It is speculated that in mango ecosystems, weeds provide refuge to thrips and removing weeds benefits thrips control in mango orchards during the flowering period. To compare the performance of frankliniella occidentalis pergande and native frankliniella intonsa trybom on cucumber and tomato leaves in laboratory, life history characters were investigated, and life tables were constructed using the method of agestage, twosex table life. All three of these species can also cause damage to garden plants and open field. It directly damages crops through feeding, oviposition activity or transmission of several plant viruses. Some of them cause slight economic damage, however, others including f. The control of tswvspread was most effective with weekly sprays of deltamethrin. A phylogenetic analysis of genuslevel relationships within the frankliniella genusgroup was performed, based on 55 morphological character states scored for 23 species representing 11 genera.
The western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, which originated from western north america, has invaded much of the agricultural world since the 1970s, and in so doing, has become a dominant thrips species in many of. Despite the common name tobacco thrips, frankliniella fusca feed on various plant species. Postharvest irradiation treatment for quarantine control. Only two species of frankliniella are known from new zealand, f. 1, the frankliniella minuta moulton species group with. An improved method for rearing western flower thrips. Frankliniella intonsa on cotton ekrem atakan and a. Pdf evaluation of an improved method for massrearing of. Anthocoridae as well as their distributions characteristics in strawberry in adana province, turkey were studied in. The beijing forest insect atlas i, the beijing forest insect atlas i,it briefly introduced the basic knowledge of forest insect pests, such as native trees with more insects living on, the periodic outbreaks of some herbivorous in,all books from china,especially scientific and academic books,export chinese and english version books to libraries and book stores over the. The aggregation pheromones of two closely related thrips species, frankliniella occidentalis and frankliniella intonsa, have been identified with the same major compounds, rlavandulyl acetate and neryl s2methylbutanoate, but in different ratios. This species appears to favour pithfilled stems of woody shrubs, such as bramble and elder. Thripidae, was first described in california in 1895, and since the 1970s, it had invaded much of the world and became dominant population in most of the areas where it had been introduced.
Frankliniella occidentalis, frankliniella intonsa, cucumber leaf, tomato leaf, life history the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Thrips from the genus frankliniella thysanoptera, thripidae are phytophagous on crops and wild plants. The most severe outcome of the widespread interspecific competition that occurs between invasive organisms and their local congeners is species displacement. A phylogenetic analysis of genuslevel relationships within the frankliniella genusgroup was performed, based on 55 morphological character states scored for. Western flower thrip frankliniella occidentalis is a major global pest of agricultural products. We describe a taqman realtime quantitative pcr detection system, which can rapidly identify f. Seasonal occurrence and damage of flower thrips, frankliniella intonsa trybom on field garden pea in central hokkaido. Studies on the ecology and control of flower thrips. To understand the variation in patterns of occurrence in the field, the effect of competition on the biological attributes of the 2. Recently, the native species frankliniella intonsa trybom thysanoptera. However, the roles of the aggregation pheromones in the interspecific interactions between. Information is given on the geographical distribution in.
Pdf frankliniella occidentalis is an economically important invasive pest worldwide, which can damage various horticultural crops and ornamental. Little is known about their biological control in california vineyards jensen et al. Thripidae, which includes 236 species with most of the species being confined to the neotropics at present nakahara, 1997. Widespread across europe to india, thailand, taiwan and japan, and also found in the northwestern coastal region of north. Frankliniella, tospovirus, behavioral ecology, host plant location, dispersal, vectors. Frankliniella intonsa trybom, 1895, a very sensitive. Frankliniella occidentalis 2002 eppo bulletin wiley.
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